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File:Michael Jackson 1983 (3x4 cropped) (contrast).jpg

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Original file (2,291 × 3,046 pixels, file size: 540 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)

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Summary

Description
English: Michael Jackson in a press photo dated to 1983.
Date
Source Worthpoint
Immediate from iHeart
Author Matthew Rolston; Distributed by Epic Records
Permission
(Reusing this file)

No photographer credited but was probably taken by Matthew Rolston, as photos that appear to be from the same session are credited to him. No copyright markings on the photo and no registration could be found when searching the US Copyright Records

English: This is a publicity still taken and publicly distributed to promote the subject or a work relating to the subject.
  • As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook (Focal Press, 2001, p. 211.):
    "Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
  • Nancy Wolff, in The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook (Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.), notes:
    "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them."
  • Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989, p. 87), writes:
    "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
  • Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference of cinema scholars and editors[1], that:
    "[The conference] expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
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Licensing

Public domain
This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1978 and February 1989, inclusive, without a copyright notice, and its copyright was not subsequently registered with the U.S. Copyright Office within 5 years. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart as well as a detailed definition of "publication" for public art after 1977.
Unless its author has been dead for several years, it is copyrighted in the countries or areas that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works, such as Canada (70 pma), Mainland China (50 pma, not Hong Kong or Macau), Germany (70 pma), Mexico (100 pma), Switzerland (70 pma), and other countries with individual treaties. See this page for further explanation.

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Captions

Michael Jackson in 1983

Items portrayed in this file

depicts

Michael Jackson

data size

553,239 byte

height

3,046 pixel

width

2,291 pixel

media type

image/jpeg

checksum

7ff9915bbdd016e01816a96cdd512ebe3d629f23

determination method or standard: SHA-1

File history

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Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment
current23:18, 25 April 2025Thumbnail for version as of 23:18, 25 April 20252,291 × 3,046 (540 KB)wikimediacommons>Wcamp9darkened

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